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Ground-to-air signals

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The five international ground-to-air signals are designed for clear communication with aircraft in case of emergencies. Here they are:

  1. V Shape: This is formed by laying out rocks, branches, or any other material in a large V shape on the ground. It signifies that you need assistance.
  2. X Shape: Similar to the V, but using an X formation. This indicates a more serious situation and signifies that you require medical assistance.
  3. N Shape: A large N shape built on the ground. This is a simple and clear way to signal No or negative to any instructions received from the aircraft.
  4. Y Shape: The opposite of the N, a large Y symbol signifies Yes or affirmative to any questions or instructions from the aircraft.
  5. Arrow: Pointing a large arrow made from rocks or debris in a specific direction. This is used to direct the aircraft to your location or signal the direction you came from.

These signals are typically made using materials that contrast with the surrounding environment, such as logs, rocks, or even by trampling grass to ensure they are visible from the air1. Remember, the effectiveness of these signals depends on their visibility, so they should be made as large and clear as possible.